When To Talk To A Doctor About Memory Loss

Memory loss can be a normal part of aging, like forgetting where you placed your glasses or momentarily blanking on a name. But when do these forgetful moments signify something more serious?

Tommasina Papa-Rugino, MD, a neurologist at Franciscan Health, shared valuable insights about understanding and managing memory loss. She discussed how the subtle differences between normal aging and something more concerning can benefit from medical care.

Which Doctor Can Diagnose Memory Loss?

Neurology is a specialty focused the brain and the nerves branching out from it, our peripheral nervous system. Neurologists diagnose and treat conditions like movement disorders, peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage, usually in the feet and hands) epilepsy and seizure disorders, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and memory loss.

Neurologists can use advanced diagnostic tests like MRIs and CT scans to pinpoint issues affecting the nervous system. Treatment plans can include medications, surgery, rehabilitation and lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms and improve daily functioning and overall quality of life.

Is It Normal Aging Or Memory Loss?

It's normal to forget things occasionally. Dr. Papa-Rugino said.

"Some normal age-related memory losses don't cause any disruption in our daily life," she said.

For example, if a person's name suddenly slips your mind but you recall it later in the day, or you forget where you placed your keys or phone but retrace your steps and find the items.

"These types of memory changes, while frustrating, are generally manageable," Dr. Papa-Rugino said. "They don't really affect your ability to work, live independently or maintain a social life."

On the other hand, dementia involves memory decline and affects other cognitive abilities, including reasoning, judgment and language skills. Dementia is progressive, meaning symptoms gradually get worse over time. Unlike typical age-related forgetfulness, dementia significantly affects one's ability to work and interact.

What Conditions Can Cause Memory Loss Or Mimic It?

Many different factors influence memory. It isn't always because of aging. And memory problems aren't always as straightforward as one would think. For example, the phenomenon known as "brain fog" is commonly reported by individuals recovering from COVID-19. That experience shows how viral infections can impact cognitive function.

"This type of cognitive disruption isn't necessarily dementia but is associated with the physiological stress of fighting a virus," Dr. Papa-Rugino said. "And really any kind of infection, even something like a urinary tract infection, can truly bring out an underlying memory problem."

Medications and treatments for conditions like cancer can also affect memory. And even vitamin B12 deficiencies and thyroid abnormalities can lead to memory issues.

An extended hospital stay or unplanned change in your environment can make memory issues worse. The unfamiliar setting, combined with a lack of sleep, can significantly impair cognitive function and worsen any underlying memory problem.

When Should You Be Concerned About Memory Loss?

Significant memory loss disrupts daily functioning and is a sign to seek medical advice. Early intervention is crucial since many conditions, not just Alzheimer's disease, can cause memory loss.

Dementia is more than simply memory loss.

"It also includes impairment in reasoning, judgment, language and sort of what we consider our thinking skills," said Dr. Papa-Rugino. "And usually, dementia begins gradually and worsens over time."

Unlike simple forgetfulness, dementia impairs your ability to work and enjoy social interactions and relationships.

"When memory loss disrupts your life, you should seek a medical opinion or a neurological evaluation," she said.

What Are The Early Signs Of Dementia?

Dr. Papa-Rugino said that family and friends often notice early signs of dementia and memory issues before the individual does. These key symptoms might indicate it's time to seek an evaluation by a neurologist.

• Asking the same questions again and again
• Difficulty completing familiar tasks and struggling with previously easy activities
• Getting lost or losing your way in well-known surroundings
• Misplacing objects in unusual places, like putting a phone in the refrigerator
• Using incorrect words in place of the right ones
• Unexplained mood or behavior changes without an apparent reason

Can Lifestyle And Social Interactions Prevent Memory Loss?

"A healthy lifestyle is a healthy brain," Dr. Papa-Rugino said. "Maintain active social interactions and engage in mental exercises, like puzzles and games, to help keep your mind sharp."

These activities benefit your physical health and help delay the onset of memory-related conditions.

There are other ways to reduce your risk for dementia. Making healthy lifestyle choices can have a positive effect. Alcohol, sleep apnea, accidents, injuries and medications can all cause memory issues.

What Should Families Do To Prepare For Long-Term Memory Care Needs?

If you're caring for a loved one with dementia, you know how important it is to have a plan in place. It is especially crucial if the aging adult finds themselves living alone due to the death of a spouse or another unforeseen circumstance.

"If you're a family member, initiate discussions around the importance of making arrangements for a medical and legal power of attorney," Dr. Papa-Rugino said. "Consider options like moving an aging parent into a family member's home, exploring assisted living facilities or arranging for in-home care."

This planning becomes even more critical as our population ages and more people find themselves in caregiving roles amidst other life responsibilities.

It can also be challenging and add a layer of complexity when family members don't live close to one another.

"Distance makes it even more critical for families to convene early, ideally when everyone is in good health, to determine future caregiving responsibilities," she said.

Having a plan helps prevent the stress and chaos of emergency situations.

What Are The Next Steps After A Memory Loss Diagnosis?

If you or a loved one experiences memory loss or other thinking-related symptoms, it might be an indication of dementia or another serious cognitive issue. Early detection is crucial for managing the condition effectively and maintaining quality of life.

"A neuropsychological evaluation measures how well the brain functions," explained Dr. Papa-Rugino. "It helps in understanding the extent of memory impairment and evaluates mental functions like language, attention and learning."

Talking with a neurologist early on can provide a precise diagnosis and help develop a plan for you and your loved ones.

If you have questions about memory loss and cognitive decline and would like to talk to a provider, call for an in-person or virtual visit appointment with your doctor.